Optimal. Leaf size=169 \[ \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {7}-\sqrt {3}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {14 \left (\sqrt {7}-\sqrt {3}\right )}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {14 \left (\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {7}-\sqrt {3}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {14 \left (\sqrt {7}-\sqrt {3}\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {14 \left (\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}\right )}} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.14, antiderivative size = 169, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 4, integrand size = 20, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.200, Rules used = {1419, 1093, 207, 203} \begin {gather*} \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {7}-\sqrt {3}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {14 \left (\sqrt {7}-\sqrt {3}\right )}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {14 \left (\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {7}-\sqrt {3}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {14 \left (\sqrt {7}-\sqrt {3}\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {14 \left (\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}\right )}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 203
Rule 207
Rule 1093
Rule 1419
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1-x^4}{1-5 x^4+x^8} \, dx &=-\left (\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{-1-\sqrt {3} x^2+x^4} \, dx\right )-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {1}{-1+\sqrt {3} x^2+x^4} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {\int \frac {1}{-\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {7}}{2}+x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {7}}-\frac {\int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {7}}{2}+x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {7}}+\frac {\int \frac {1}{-\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {7}}{2}+x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {7}}+\frac {\int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {7}}{2}+x^2} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {7}}\\ &=\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {14 \left (-\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}\right )}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {14 \left (\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{-\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {14 \left (-\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}\right )}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}}} x\right )}{\sqrt {14 \left (\sqrt {3}+\sqrt {7}\right )}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] time = 0.01, size = 57, normalized size = 0.34 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{4} \text {RootSum}\left [\text {$\#$1}^8-5 \text {$\#$1}^4+1\&,\frac {\text {$\#$1}^4 \log (x-\text {$\#$1})-\log (x-\text {$\#$1})}{2 \text {$\#$1}^7-5 \text {$\#$1}^3}\&\right ] \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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IntegrateAlgebraic [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1-x^4}{1-5 x^4+x^8} \, dx \end {gather*}
Verification is not applicable to the result.
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fricas [B] time = 1.81, size = 546, normalized size = 3.23 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{14} \, \sqrt {14} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{112} \, \sqrt {14} \sqrt {4 \, x^{2} + {\left (\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} + 5 \, \sqrt {2}\right )} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} {\left (\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} + 7 \, \sqrt {2}\right )} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} - \frac {1}{56} \, \sqrt {14} {\left (\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} x + 7 \, \sqrt {2} x\right )} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}}\right ) + \frac {1}{14} \, \sqrt {14} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{112} \, {\left (\sqrt {14} \sqrt {4 \, x^{2} - {\left (\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} - 5 \, \sqrt {2}\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} {\left (\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} - 7 \, \sqrt {2}\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5} - 2 \, \sqrt {14} {\left (\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} \sqrt {2} x - 7 \, \sqrt {2} x\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}}\right ) - \frac {1}{56} \, \sqrt {14} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} \log \left (\sqrt {14} {\left (\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} - 7\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} + 28 \, x\right ) + \frac {1}{56} \, \sqrt {14} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} \log \left (-\sqrt {14} {\left (\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} - 7\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} + 28 \, x\right ) + \frac {1}{56} \, \sqrt {14} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} \log \left (\sqrt {14} {\left (\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 7\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} + 28 \, x\right ) - \frac {1}{56} \, \sqrt {14} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} \log \left (-\sqrt {14} {\left (\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 7\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {7} \sqrt {3} + 5}} + 28 \, x\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [F(-2)] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Exception raised: TypeError} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [C] time = 0.01, size = 44, normalized size = 0.26 \begin {gather*} \frac {\left (-\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{8}-5 \textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )^{4}+1\right ) \ln \left (-\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{8}-5 \textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )+x \right )}{8 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{8}-5 \textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )^{7}-20 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{8}-5 \textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )^{3}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} -\int \frac {x^{4} - 1}{x^{8} - 5 \, x^{4} + 1}\,{d x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [B] time = 1.79, size = 483, normalized size = 2.86 \begin {gather*} \frac {2^{3/4}\,\sqrt {7}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {405\,2^{3/4}\,\sqrt {7}\,x\,{\left (5-\sqrt {21}\right )}^{1/4}}{2\,\left (243\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {5-\sqrt {21}}-54\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {21}\,\sqrt {5-\sqrt {21}}\right )}-\frac {621\,2^{3/4}\,\sqrt {7}\,\sqrt {21}\,x\,{\left (5-\sqrt {21}\right )}^{1/4}}{14\,\left (243\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {5-\sqrt {21}}-54\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {21}\,\sqrt {5-\sqrt {21}}\right )}\right )\,{\left (5-\sqrt {21}\right )}^{1/4}}{28}-\frac {2^{3/4}\,\sqrt {7}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {2^{3/4}\,\sqrt {7}\,x\,{\left (5-\sqrt {21}\right )}^{1/4}\,405{}\mathrm {i}}{2\,\left (243\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {5-\sqrt {21}}-54\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {21}\,\sqrt {5-\sqrt {21}}\right )}-\frac {2^{3/4}\,\sqrt {7}\,\sqrt {21}\,x\,{\left (5-\sqrt {21}\right )}^{1/4}\,621{}\mathrm {i}}{14\,\left (243\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {5-\sqrt {21}}-54\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {21}\,\sqrt {5-\sqrt {21}}\right )}\right )\,{\left (5-\sqrt {21}\right )}^{1/4}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{28}+\frac {2^{3/4}\,\sqrt {7}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {405\,2^{3/4}\,\sqrt {7}\,x\,{\left (\sqrt {21}+5\right )}^{1/4}}{2\,\left (243\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {\sqrt {21}+5}+54\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {21}\,\sqrt {\sqrt {21}+5}\right )}+\frac {621\,2^{3/4}\,\sqrt {7}\,\sqrt {21}\,x\,{\left (\sqrt {21}+5\right )}^{1/4}}{14\,\left (243\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {\sqrt {21}+5}+54\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {21}\,\sqrt {\sqrt {21}+5}\right )}\right )\,{\left (\sqrt {21}+5\right )}^{1/4}}{28}-\frac {2^{3/4}\,\sqrt {7}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {2^{3/4}\,\sqrt {7}\,x\,{\left (\sqrt {21}+5\right )}^{1/4}\,405{}\mathrm {i}}{2\,\left (243\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {\sqrt {21}+5}+54\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {21}\,\sqrt {\sqrt {21}+5}\right )}+\frac {2^{3/4}\,\sqrt {7}\,\sqrt {21}\,x\,{\left (\sqrt {21}+5\right )}^{1/4}\,621{}\mathrm {i}}{14\,\left (243\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {\sqrt {21}+5}+54\,\sqrt {2}\,\sqrt {21}\,\sqrt {\sqrt {21}+5}\right )}\right )\,{\left (\sqrt {21}+5\right )}^{1/4}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{28} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [A] time = 0.19, size = 26, normalized size = 0.15 \begin {gather*} - \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (157351936 t^{8} - 62720 t^{4} + 1, \left (t \mapsto t \log {\left (50176 t^{5} - 24 t + x \right )} \right )\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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